Transferencias internacionales y relaciones laborales de los atletas: el papel de las federaciones deportivas internacionales en la garantía de la equidad y la transparencia

Autores/as

  • Оlena Lutsenko Departamento de Derecho Laboral, Universidad Nacional de Derecho Yaroslav Mudryi, 61024, calle Hryhorii Skovoroda 77, Járkiv, Ucrania.
  • Olena Sereda Departamento de Derecho Laboral, Universidad Nacional de Derecho Yaroslav Mudryi, 61024, calle Hryhorii Skovoroda 77, Járkiv, Ucrania.
  • Rostyslav Shchokin Departamento de Derecho Administrativo, Financiero y Bancario, Academia Interregional de Gestión de Personal, 03039, calle Frometivska 2, Kyiv, Ucrania.
  • Kostyantyn Trishin Departamento de Entrenamiento Táctico-Especial y Preparación Física Especial, Universidad Estatal de Asuntos Internos de Odesa, 65014, calle Uspenska 1, Odesa, Ucrania.
  • Viktor Chyzh Departamento de Educación Física y Deportes, Universidad Estatal Politécnica de Zhytomyr, 10005, calle Chudnivska 103, Zhytomyr, Ucrania.

Palabras clave:

Atletas, Libertad de Movimiento, Derecho Laboral, Tasa de Transferencia, Transferencia de Futbolistas

Resumen

La relevancia de esta investigación está determinada por la creciente importancia de las transferencias internacionales en la industria del deporte y por la necesidad de aumentar la transparencia en estos procesos, especialmente en el contexto de la globalización de los mercados deportivos. Asimismo, un número cada vez mayor de atletas enfrenta dificultades para garantizar sus derechos laborales, lo que requiere una mayor atención al papel de las federaciones deportivas en este ámbito. El objetivo principal de este artículo fue analizar el papel de las federaciones deportivas internacionales en la regulación de las transferencias de atletas, garantizando la transparencia y la equidad en estos procesos. El estudio se centra en la manera en que estas federaciones implementan mecanismos regulatorios para favorecer condiciones de transferencia justas para los atletas y los clubes, así como en los desafíos y las limitaciones para alcanzar la transparencia y la equidad dentro del sistema regulatorio actual. En el deporte moderno, las transferencias constituyen una parte integral de las relaciones laborales y tienen un impacto significativo en los derechos de los atletas. Sin embargo, surgen desafíos relacionados con la desigualdad financiera entre los clubes, la falta de transparencia en los acuerdos y las restricciones a la libertad de movimiento de los atletas.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

1. Alvad, S. (2018). Transfer market suffers from a lack of transparency. Retrieved from https://www.playthegame.org/news/transfer-market-suffers-from-a-lack-of-transparency/

2. Barajas, A., & Rodríguez, P. (2014). Spanish football in need of financial therapy: Cut expenses and inject capital. International Journal of Sport Finance, 9(1), 73-90.

3. Barry, M. (2016). Research handbook of employment relations in sport. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

4. Bayle, E. (2023). A model for the multi-centered regulation of world sport. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 15(2), 309-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2023.2205868

5. Bellia, O.D. (2017). CAS 2015/A/4094, Lassana Diarra v. FC Lokomotiv Moscow, Award of 27 May 2016. In A. Duval & A. Rigozzi (Eds.), Yearbook of International Sports Arbitration 2016 (pp. 317-332). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/15757_2017_21

6. Binder, J., & Findlay, M. (2011). The effects of the Bosman ruling on national and club teams in Europe. Journal of Sports Economics, 13(2), 17-29. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1317204

7. Bowes, A. (2021) The professionalisation of women’s sport and the problem of unpaid labour. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(8), 961–984.

8. Brownell, S., & Besnier, N. (2019). Value and values in global sport. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.19

9. Buchholz, F., & Lopatta, K. (2017). Stakeholder salience of economic investors on professional football clubs in Europe. European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(4), 506-530. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1306870

10. CAS. (2013). Arbitration CAS 2012/A/2988 PFC CSKA Sofia v. Loïc Bensaïd, award of 14 June 2013. Retrieved from https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/2988.pdf

11. CAS. (2024). Federazione Italiana Pallacanestro and S.S.P. Reyer Venezia Mestre SRL v. FIBA. 2024/A/10644 F. Retrieved from https://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/10644_Award__for_publ._.pdf?

12. Chappelet, J.-L., & Kubler-Mabbott, B. (2012). International sports federations. Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games, 1(28), 59-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/978-0-415-43167-5.ch002

13. Chetwynd, J. (2009). Play ball? An analysis of final-offer arbitration, its use in major league baseball and its potential applicability to European soccer wage and transfer disputes. Marquette Sports Law Review, 20(1), 109-146.

14. Court of Appeal. (2022). Diarra vs FIFA. Case C-650/22. Retrieved from https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=285381&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1

15. Court of Justice. (1995). Union royale belge des sociétés de football association ASBL v Jean-Marc Bosman, Royal club liégeois SA v Jean-Marc Bosman and others and Union des associations européennes de football (UEFA) v Jean-Marc Bosman. Case C-415/93. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:61993CJ0415

16. D’Hombres, E. (2007). Régulation par qui? Régulation de quoi? La signification du vocable ‘régulation’ en sociologie et en science politique: Une mise en perspective historique. Raisons Politiques, 4(28), 127-151. https://doi.org/10.3917/rai.028.0127

17. Dotsenko, R., & Aveskulov, V. (2020). Specific features and legal nature of contracts of football players in Ukraine. Entrepreneurship, Business & Law, 12, 91-95. https://doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2020.12.15

18. Duval, A. (2021). Seamstress of transnational law: how the court of arbitration for sport weaves the lex sportiva. In N. Krisch (Ed.), Entangled legalities beyond the state (pp. 260–288). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

19. European Commission. (2012). EU Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes: Recommended policy actions in support of dual careers in high-performance sport. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/sport/library/documents/dual-career-guidelines-final_en.pdf

20. European Commission. (2013). The economic and legal aspects of transfers of players. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/sport/library/documents/cons-study-transfers-final-rpt.pdf

21. European Commission. (2018). An update on change drivers and economic and legal implications of transfers of players. Retrieved from https://sport.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/report-transfer-of-players-2018-en.pdf

22. Feess, E., & Muehlheusser, G. (2003). The impact of transfer fees on professional sports: An analysis of the new transfer system for European soccer. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 105(1), 139-154.

23. FIBA. (2010). Regulations Governing the International Transfer of Players. Retrieved from https://basket.ba/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FIBA-Internal-Regulations-BOOK-3.pdf

24. FIFA. (2001). Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players. Retrieved from https://www.icsspe.org/system/files/FIFA%20-%20Regulations%20on%20the%20Status%20and%20Transfer%20of%20Players_0.pdf

25. FIFA. (2010). Transfer Matching System. Retrieved from https://inside.fifa.com/legal/football-regulatory/player-transfers

26. FIFA. (2024). Worldwide registration periods calendar. Retrieved from https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/62de9c9bd92e3457/original/Transfer-Window-Calendar.pdf

27. FIFPRO. (2020). Raising Our Game. Women’s Football Report. Retrieved from https://www.fifpro.org/media/vd1pbtbj/fifpro-womens-report_eng-lowres.pdf

28. Franck, E. (2018). European club football after ‘five treatments’ with financial fair play-time for an assessment. International Journal Financial Studies, 6(4), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs6040097

29. Franjković, A., Matković, B., Milanović, D. (2017). Situational efficiency parameters of successful and unsuccessful ice hockey teams tt IIHF World Championship Division IB. Baltic Journal of Sport & Health Sciences, 3(106), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v3i106.31

30. Frick, B. (2011). Gender differences in competitive orientations: empirical evidence from ultramarathon running. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(3), 317–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002511404784

31. Garcia, B., & Meier, E.H. (2017). Global sport power Europe? The efficacy of the European Union in global sport regulation. Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(4), 850-870. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12512

32. Gardiner, S., & Welch, R. (2016). Nationality based playing quotas and the international transfer system post-Bosman. In A. Duval & B. Van Rompuy (Eds.), The Legacy of Bosman: Revisiting the Relationship Between EU Law and Sport (pp. 51-80). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-120-3_4

33. Geeraert, A. (2019). The limits and opportunities of self-regulation: achieving international sport federations’ compliance with good governance standards. European Sport Management Quarterly, 19(4), 520-538. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2018.1549577

34. Hnizdovska, H.M. (2011). The role of civil law norms in the regulation of public relations in the field of professional football. Bulletin of the Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine, 2(21), 45-51.

35. Hoey, S., Peeters, T., & Princioe, F. (2021). The transfer system in European football: A pro-competitive no-poaching agreement? International Journal of Industrial Organization, 75, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102695

36. Horak, H., Štulec, I., Naletina, D., & Čizmić, I. (2024). The legal and economic aspects of transfers of football players in the European Union. Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci, 12(1), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.31784/zvr.12.1.15

37. IIHF. (2023). IIHF sanctions Ivan Fedotov and CSKA Hockey Club. Retrieved from https://www.iihf.com/en/news/54170/iihf_sanctions_ivan_fedotov_and_cska_hockey_club

38. IIHF. (2025). IIHF Official Rulebook 2025/26. Retrieved from https://blob.iihf.com/iihf-media/iihfmvc/media/contentimages/4_sport/officiating/rule_book/25_26/2025-26_iihf_rulebook_30062025-v1.pdf

39. Impact Lawyers. (2025). Transparency, accountability and good governance in sport. Retrieved from https://theimpactlawyers.com/articles/transparency-accountability-and-good-governance-in-sport#:~:text=Transparency%20in%20sport%20involves%20the,undermine%20public%20and%20sponsor%20confidence

40. Kennedy, P. (2013). Left wing supporter movements and the political economy of football. Soccer and Society, 14(2), 277-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2013.776462

41. Koshovyi, O. (2015). International transfers of athletes. Legal Newspaper Online, 10-11, 456-457.

42. Kozina, M.V. (2012). Professional activity of athletes as an object of legal regulation by labor legislation. Public Law, 4(8), 424-429.

43. Lembo, C. (2011). FIFA Transfers Regulations and UEFA Players Eligibility Rules: Major changes in European football and the negative effect on minors. Emory International Law Review, 25(1), 539-585.

44. Lutsenko, O. Y., Getman, A. P., Tkachenko, V. S., & Nazymko, E. S. (2024). Regulating working hours in the transition to flexible work. Bestuur, 12(2), 191-214. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v12i2.94072

45. MacInnes, P. (2017). How can PSG pay £200m for Neymar? What happened financial fair play? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/aug/02/psg-200m-neymar-barcelonafinancial-fair-play

46. Morrow, S. (2013). Football club financial reporting: Time for a new model? Sports, Business and Management, 3(4), 297-311. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-06-2013-0014

47. Moskalenko, O.V., Melnychuk, N.O., & Novikov, D.O. (2021). Ensuring physical and mental health of athletes by the labor law. Wiadomości Lekarskie, 11(2), 3025-3030. https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202111228

48. Nicoliello, M., & Zampatti, D. (2016). Football club’s profitability after the Financial Fair Play Regulation: Evidence from Italy. Sport, Business and Management, 6(4), 460-475. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-07-2014-0037

49. Niemann, A., & Brand, A. (2008). The impact of European integration on domestic sport: The case of German football. Sport in Society, 11(1), 90-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430701717822

50. O’Brien, W., Thomson, A., Toohey, K., Taylor, T., & Hanlon, C. (2025). Exploring legitimacy of women’s professional team sport. Sport Management Review, 12, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2025.2533536

51. Pearson, G. (2015). Sporting justifications under EU Free Movement and Competition Law: The case of the football “transfer system”. European Law Journal, 21(2), 220-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12110

52. Polack, J. (2018). A definitive overview of cricket match-fixing, betting and corruption allegations. Retrieved from https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/a-definitive-overview-of-cricket-match-fixing-betting-and-corruption-allegations-90877

53. Popovych, I., Plokhikh, V., Hrys, A., Pavliuk, M., Nosov, P., & Zinchenko, S. (2023). Operationalization of footballers’ emotional intelligence in the dimensions of motivational orientation: Analysis based on the basic positions. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(3), 772-781. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.03095

54. Popovych, I., Semenov, O., Hrys, A., Aleksieieva, M., Pavliuk, M., & Semenova, N. (2022). Research on mental states of weightlifters’ self-regulation readiness for competitions. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(5), 1134-1144. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.05143

55. Porreca, R. (2021). Governance of international sports federations. In B. Li & B. Ruihley (Eds.), Administration and Governance in a Global Sport Economy (pp. 289-307). Dubuque: Kendall Hunt.

56. Siekmann, R. (2006). Labour law, the provision of services, transfer rights and social dialogue in professional football in Europe. Entertainment and Sports Law Journal, 4(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.16997/eslj.102

57. Swiss Federal Tribunal. (2009). Decision of the Swiss Federal Tribunal 4A_458/2009. Retrieved from https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/en-adrian-mutu-v-chelsea-football-club-decision-du-tribunal-federal-suisse-4a-458-2009-thursday-10th-june-2010

58. United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

59. United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights

60. Welch, R. (2020). Employment law in sport. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320555659_EMPLOYMENT_LAW_IN_SPORT

61. Whyno, S. (2023). IIHF rules in favor of the Flyers, saying Russian goalie Ivan Fedotov has a valid NHL contract. AP. Retrieved from https://apnews.com/article/philadelphia-flyers-ivan-fedotov-russia-74c14ec1c0492d434951e277765adbbf

62. Windholz, E.L., & Hodge, G.A. (2019). International sports regulation: an evolving private-public partnership. Monash University Law Review, 45(2), 298-332. https://doi.org/10.26180/5e151a9c3490e

63. Yaroshenko, O., Moskalenko, O., Sereda, O., Inshyn, M., & Burniagina, Y. (2022). The role of trade unions as a subject of social partnership in resolving labour disputes. Revista Brasileira de Alternative Dispute Resolution, 4(7), 147-161. https://doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v4i7.9

Descargas

Publicado

12-09-2026

Cómo citar

Lutsenko О., Sereda , O., Shchokin , R., Trishin, K., & Chyzh, V. (2026). Transferencias internacionales y relaciones laborales de los atletas: el papel de las federaciones deportivas internacionales en la garantía de la equidad y la transparencia. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana De Ciencias Del Deporte, 15, 82. Recuperado a partir de https://sportk.eu/article/view/229

Número

Sección

Artículos