Efecto del bullying y el cyberbullying en la práctica de actividad física y el autoconcepto físico: una revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.630881Palabras clave:
Acoso Escolar, Victimización Virtual, Ejercicio Físico, Imagen Corporal, Análisis BibliográficoResumen
La presente revisión sistemática examinó el efecto del bullying y el ciberbullying en la práctica de actividad física y el autoconcepto físico. Siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, se consultaron 4 bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y EBSCO obteniendo un total de 157 estudios. Tras el proceso, se incluyeron 20 estudios que involucraron a 213.197 participantes (46.4% hombres y 53.6% mujeres). La prevalencia promedio fue de 21,9% para el bullying y 13,7% para el ciberbullying. La mayoría de los estudios encontraron que una mayor práctica de actividad física, especialmente vigorosa y con altos niveles de disfrute, reducía la probabilidad de ser víctima de bullying y ciberbullying. Sin embargo, ciertos tipos de actividades, como el fútbol y el atletismo, mostraron mayor propensión a comportamientos de bullying. En cuanto al autoconcepto físico, tener sobrepeso, obesidad o una percepción negativa del cuerpo se asoció con mayor victimización por bullying y ciberbullying. La actividad física regular puede contribuir a un autoconcepto físico positivo y una motivación intrínseca hacia el ejercicio. En conclusión, la práctica regular de actividad física, especialmente de intensidad vigorosa, parece tener un efecto protector contra el bullying y el ciberbullying, mientras que un autoconcepto físico negativo puede aumentar el riesgo de victimización.
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