The leisure attitude, sportive leisure management and SDGs: Evidence from Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68574/sportk.478Keywords:
Sport Leisure Attitudes, Sustainability Balanced Scorecard, Safety Climate, Sportive Management, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)Abstract
This study examined university students' attitudes about leisure, sport, leisure management with sport, sustainability, the balanced scorecard, and safety climate in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and their perceptions of how their professional practices might contribute to their achievement. Data were collected from 280 students at Chaoyang University of Technology in Taiwan, of whom 67% were male and 33% were female. The structural equation modelling (SEM) method was also used to compare the correlations between the study variables. The measurement model demonstrated acceptable reliability and convergent validity. Leisure attitudes were positively associated with the environmental (β = 0.896, p < 0.001), financial (β = 0.885, p < 0.001), and social perspectives (β = 0.782, p < 0.001). Significant indirect effects of leisure attitudes on SDG achievement were reported through the environmental (β = 0.759), financial (β = 0.750), and social perspectives (β = 0.662; all p < 0.001). The financial perspective was negatively associated with SDG achievement (β = −0.210, p = 0.004), whereas the social perspective showed a positive association (β = 0.642, p < 0.001). The model explained 66.6% of the variance in SDG achievement (R² = 0.666). By integrating sportive leisure management within the sustainability balanced scorecard, this data-driven framework enables university students to identify environmental, financial, and social perspectives, fostering greater awareness of health and sustainability while empowering institutions to make wise strategic decisions.
Downloads
References
1. Afroz, N., & Ilham, Z. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of University Students towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 1(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v1i1.12
2. Amoadu, M., Ansah, E. W., & Sarfo, J. O. (2023). Influence of psychosocial safety climate on occupational health and safety: a scoping review. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16246-x
3. Arzahan, I. S. N., Ismail, Z., & Yasin, S. M. (2022). Safety culture, safety climate, and safety performance in healthcare facilities: a systematic review. Safety Science, 147, 1-8.
4. Ayhan, B., & Özel, B. (2020). Examining the relationship between leisure attitude and life satisfaction levels of university students. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 8(3), 154-166.
5. Belo, P., Navarro-Pardo, E., Pocinho, R., Carrana, P., & Margarido, C. (2020). Relationship between mental health and the education level in elderly people: mediation of leisure attitude. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-7.
6. Berg, B. K., Warner, S., & Das, B. M. (2015). What about sport? A public health perspective on leisure-time physical activity. Sport Management Review, 18(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.09.005
7. Cachero, C., Grao-Gil, O., Pérez-delHoyo, R., Ordóñez-García, M. C., Andújar-Montoya, M. D., Lillo-Ródenas, M. Á., & Torres, R. (2023). Perception of the Sustainable Development Goals among university students: A multidisciplinary perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 429, 1-13.
8. Çerez, M. H., Lapa, T. Y., Kaas, E. T., & Gülşen, D. B. A. (2021). Examination of the relationship between leisure-time management, leisure exercise participation and psychological wellbeing in university students. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 1-8.
9. Cheng, T.-M., Hsu, C.-Y., & Li, S.-N. (2024). Testing the moderated mediation effect of recreation safety climate on the interrelationship of serious leisure, recreation involvement, and flow experience. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 46, 1-10.
10. Chien, F. (2022). The mediating role of energy efficiency on the relationship between sharing economy benefits and sustainable development goals (Case of China). Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(4), 1-10.
11. Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signaling theory: A review and assessment. Journal of management, 37(1), 39-67.
12. Deng, X. (2024). Vitality and Team Spirit: The Promotion of Student Team Cooperation by University Cheerleading. Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 7(1), 228-232. https://dx.doi.org/10.25236/AJHSS.2024.070135
13. Fatima, T., & Elbanna, S. (2023). Advancing sustainable performance management in the hospitality industry: A novel framework based on a health-inclusive balanced scorecard. Tourism Management Perspectives, 48(4), 1-10.
14. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
15. Giannoukou, I., & Beneki, C. C. (2018). Towards sustainability performance management system of tourism enterprises: A tourism sustainable balanced scorecard framework. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 17(2-3), 175-196.
16. Hair, J. F., Sharma, P. N., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Liengaard, B. D. (2024). The shortcomings of equal weights estimation and the composite equivalence index in PLS-SEM. European Journal of Marketing, 58(13), 30-55.
17. He, C., McCabe, B., Jia, G., & Sun, J. (2020). Effects of safety climate and safety behavior on safety outcomes between supervisors and construction workers. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(1), 1-14.
18. Huang, X., Wang, Y., & Zhang, H. (2023). Effects of physical exercise intervention on depressive and anxious moods of college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(3), 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2023.01.001
19. Jetzke, M., & Mutz, M. (2020). Sport for pleasure, fitness, medals or slenderness? Differential effects of sports activities on well-being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(5), 1519-1534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019-09753-w
20. Kalteh, H. O., Mortazavi, S. B., Mohammadi, E., & Salesi, M. (2021). The relationship between safety culture and safety climate and safety performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 27(1), 206-216.
21. Lee, J., Huang, Y.-h., Cheung, J. H., Chen, Z., & Shaw, W. S. (2019). A systematic review of the safety climate intervention literature: Past trends and future directions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(1), 66-91. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000113
22. Ludvík, E., Łukasz, T., Milan, K., Mária, P., & Gabriela, P. (2020). How do first year university students use ICT in their leisure time and for learning purposes? International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Rducation, 8(2), 35-52.
23. Luo, T. (2020). Safety climate: Current status of the research and future prospects. Journal of Safety Science and Resilience, 1(2), 106-119.
24. Masudin, I., Tsamarah, N., Restuputri, D. P., Trireksani, T., & Djajadikerta, H. G. (2024). The impact of safety climate on human-technology interaction and sustainable development: Evidence from Indonesian oil and gas industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 1-21.
25. Mio, C., Costantini, A., & Panfilo, S. (2022). Performance measurement tools for sustainable business: A systematic literature review on the sustainability balanced scorecard use. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(2), 367-384.
26. Mutz, M., Reimers, A. K., & Demetriou, Y. (2021). Leisure time sports activities and life satisfaction: Deeper insights based on a representative survey from Germany. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(5), 2155-2171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09866-7
27. Oltra-Badenes, R., Guerola-Navarro, V., Gil-Gómez, J.-A., & Botella-Carrubi, D. (2023). Design and implementation of teaching–learning activities focused on improving the knowledge, the awareness and the perception of the relationship between the SDGs and the future profession of university students. Sustainability, 15(6), 1-20.
28. Ragheb, M. G., & Beard, J. G. (1982). Measuring leisure attitude. Journal of leisure Research, 14(2), 155-167.
29. Rona, M. S., & Erol, A. E. (2020). Investigation of Leisure Time Attitude of University Students According to Some Parameters (Example of Northern Cyprus). Asian Journal of Education and Training, 6(3), 479-484.
30. Saha, S., Hasan, A. R., Islam, K. R., & Priom, M. A. I. (2024). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) practices and firms' financial performance: Moderating role of country governance. Green Finance, 6(1), 162-198.
31. Syed-Yahya, S. N., Idris, M. A., & Noblet, A. J. (2022). The relationship between safety climate and safety performance: A review. Journal of Safety Research, 83, 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.08.008
32. Tan, C. C., & Sitikarn, B. (2019). Balanced scorecard (BSC) structured business model for tribes-based community-based tourism: Cases with Chiang Rai. In Proceedings of the ICRU International Conference Rajabhat University Networks (pp. 899–922).
33. Tokay Argan, M., & Mersin, S. (2021). Life satisfaction, life quality, and leisure satisfaction in health professionals. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(2), 660-666. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12592
34. Tükel, Y. (2020). Investigation of the Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Leisure Satisfaction of University Students. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 4(3), 218-226.
35. Yuan, X., Yu, L., & Wu, H. (2021). Awareness of sustainable development goals among students from a Chinese senior high school. Education Sciences, 11(9), 1-25.
36. Yuan, X., Yu, L., Wu, H., She, H., Luo, J., & Li, X. (2022). Sustainable development goals (SDGs) priorities of senior high school students and global public: Recommendations for implementing education for sustainable development (ESD). Education Research International, 2022(1), 1-14.
37. Zhang, A. (2023). The role of exercise in preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Innovations in Medical Research, 2(9), 19-23.
38. Zhang, H., Zhou, Y., & Stodolska, M. (2022). Socio-cultural adaptation through leisure among Chinese international students: An experiential learning approach. Leisure Sciences, 44(2), 141-160.
39. Zhou, Q., Zheng, Y.-Z., Lin, H.-H., Yan, X.-Q., Peng, R., Tsai, I.-E., & Tseng, Y.-H. (2024). Youth well-being and economic vitality: Fostering sustainable development through green leisure sports. Sustainability, 16(22), 1-22.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ching Te Lin, Chin Cheng Yang, Ting Hsiang Chang, Thi Lien Nguyen, Asia Bano

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © by the authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.





























