Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la Escala de Satisfacción y Frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en estudiantes españoles de educación secundaria en educación física
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68574/sportk.424Palabras clave:
Teoría de la Autodeterminación, Autonomía, Competencia, Relación, Experiencias Basadas en las NecesidadesResumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar la Escala de Satisfacción y Frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas al contexto español de la Educación Física (EF) y proporcionar evidencias de validez y fiabilidad para su uso en estudiantes de educación secundaria. En este estudio transversal participó una muestra intencional de 1.604 estudiantes de educación secundaria (831 chicos, 51,8%; 761 chicas, 47,4%; y 12 con información sobre el género no disponible, 0,7%; edad media = 15,01, DE = 1,32). Los estudiantes recibían dos clases obligatorias de Educación Física (EF) de 60 minutos por semana, impartidas de forma mixta. La validez convergente se confirmó mediante valores de varianza media extraída que oscilaron entre 0,50 y 0,65. La validez discriminante se estableció mediante correlaciones latentes que oscilaron entre −0,54 y 0,78, y entre −0,53 y 0,82 para la razón heterotrait–monotrait de las correlaciones. La consistencia interna se respaldó mediante valores aceptables de alfa de Cronbach, omega de McDonald y rho de Raykov para los seis factores de primer orden, así como mediante coeficientes satisfactorios para los dos factores jerárquicos. La estabilidad temporal se confirmó mediante coeficientes de correlación intraclase que oscilaron entre 0,70 y 0,85. Los análisis de ecuaciones estructurales proporcionaron evidencias de validez de criterio, mostrando relaciones positivas entre la satisfacción de las necesidades y la motivación autónoma, así como entre la frustración de las necesidades y la motivación controlada y la desmotivación. La Escala de Satisfacción y Frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas ha demostrado ser un instrumento válido y fiable para medir las percepciones de los estudiantes de educación secundaria sobre la satisfacción y la frustración de sus necesidades en el contexto español de la Educación Física (EF).
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ginés David López García, Francisco Javier Gil Espinosa, Rafael Burgueño Menjibar
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