Estrategias mentales en el deporte: Explorando el papel del diálogo interno positivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68574/sportk.380Palabras clave:
Diálogo Interno, Psicología Del Rendimiento, Entrenamiento Mental, Salud MentalResumen
Este estudio cualitativo explora los beneficios cognitivos y emocionales del diálogo interno positivo en el deporte competitivo. Basándose en marcos teóricos de la psicología, como la teoría de la autoeficacia de Bandura (1997), la investigación analiza cómo los deportistas utilizan el diálogo interno para regular sus emociones, mejorar la concentración y superar desafíos. Mediante el análisis temático, los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas en profundidad con diez deportistas de entre 18 y 30 años que practicaban disciplinas como atletismo, gimnasia, baloncesto, natación y maratón. Los resultados revelaron cuatro temas principales: mejora de la atención y la concentración, fortalecimiento de la autoeficacia y la confianza, gestión de la ansiedad ante el rendimiento y resiliencia frente a las adversidades. El estudio destaca el potencial del diálogo interno positivo como una herramienta versátil de entrenamiento mental. Los deportistas que emplean conscientemente un diálogo interno afirmativo manifiestan una mayor concentración, confianza, regulación emocional y resiliencia. Los hallazgos del análisis temático ofrecen recomendaciones prácticas para integrar el diálogo interno en las estrategias de entrenamiento y las rutinas de rendimiento deportivo. Se recomiendan futuros estudios longitudinales e interculturales para profundizar en la comprensión de este fenómeno.
Descargas
Citas
1. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman.
2. Cotterill, S. T. (2010). Pre-performance routines in sport: Current understanding and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(2), 132–153.
3. De Petrillo, L. A., Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2020). Mindfulness and self-talk: A pilot study on athletes’ stress responses and cortisol levels. Journal of Sport Behavior, 43(2), 123–140.
4. Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103482
5. Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26.
6. Gucciardi, D. F., & Gordon, S. (2011). Mental toughness in sport: Developments in theory and research. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(1), 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2010.521643
7. Hardy, J. (2006). Speaking clearly: A critical review of the self-talk literature. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.08.002
8. Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-talk and sports performance: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(4), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611413136
9. Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-Talk and Sports Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Perspectives on psychological science: a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 6(4), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611413136
10. Jones, M. V. (2003). Controlling emotions in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 17(4), 471–486.k performance (6th ed., pp. 349–381). McGraw-Hill.Latinjak, A. T., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2021). Self-talk in sport: Conceptual and empirical developments. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(1), 200–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2020.1738598
11. Martin-Krumm, C. P., Sarrazin, P. G., Peterson, C., & Famose, J. P. (2003). Explanatory style and resilience after sports failure. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(7), 1685–169
12. Mortejo, A. L., & Mortejo, J. C. (2024). The Effects of Positive Self-Talk Among Winning Athletes in Martial Arts: A Mixed-Methods Study. International Martial Arts and Culture Journal, 2(1), 98–102.
13. Oliver, E., Tod, D., & Gillman, J. (2022). Personalized self-talk interventions in sport: Exploring effectiveness on confidence and performance. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 11(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000266
14. Taylor, J., & Wilson, G. S. (2005). Applying sport psychology: Four perspectives. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(1), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200590932238
15. Theodorakis, Y., Weinberg, R., Natsis, P., Douma, I., & Kazakas, P. (2000). The effects of motivational versus instructional self-talk on improving motor performance. The Sport Psychologist, 14(3), 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.14.3.253
16. Tod, D., Hardy, J., & Oliver, E. (2011). Effects of self-talk: A systematic review. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(5), 666–687. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.666
17. Tod, D., Hardy, J., Oliver, E., & Sherwood, D. (2021). Building athlete resilience: The role of self-talk strategies. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 55, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101948
18. Van Raalte, J. L., Vincent, A., & Brewer, B. W. (2016). Self-talk interventions for athletes: A theoretically grounded approach. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 7(3), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2016.1233925
19. Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2018). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.
20. Zinsser, N., Bunker, L., & Williams, J. M. (2010). Cognitive techniques for building confidence and enhancing performance. In J. M. Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to pea Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Jesselyn Cezar Mortejo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Copyright © by the authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.
