Tabata strength workout increases upper- and lower-body strength and speed in Wushu Taolu athletes

Authors

  • Irmantara Subagio Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
  • Slamet Raharjo Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Science, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia.
  • Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja Azidin Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
  • Mahmud Yunus Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Science, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia.
  • Ramdan Pelana Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Keywords:

Speed, Tabata Strength Workout, Upper and Lower Body Strength, Wushu Taolu Athletes

Abstract

This study aimed to prove the effect of the Tabata Strength Workout on increasing upper and lower body strength, and speed in Wushu Taolu athletes. A total of 22 male athletes aged 19-21 years were recruited from Wushu Taolu KONI, East Java, Indonesia, and divided into two study groups, including the control group and the Tabata strength workout group (n:11; CTR). Tabata strength workout interventions were carried out with a frequency of 4x/week for 8 weeks, with an intensity of 60-70% HRmax, duration of exercise 45-60 minutes/session, with the type of exercise total body workout body. The instrument used to measure upper body strength was a Chin-Up test, while lower body strength uses a vertical jump test. The speed was measured using a 20-meter Dash Test. The results obtained differences in upper body strength, lower body strength, and speed between CTR and TSW (0.18±0.98 at 1.91±0.83 (n); p=0.000), (0.36±1.86 at 6.64±1.75 (cm); p=0.000), and (0.01±0.04 at -0.09±0.11 (s); p=0.006). Tabata strength workout for 8 weeks has proven effective in increasing upper and lower body strength, and speed in Wushu Taolu athletes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akbar, B., Setijono, H., Wiriawan, O., Wahyono, M., Nuryadi, A., Purwoto, S. P., & Pranoto, A. (2024). Increased leg muscle strength and power after 6 weeks of trapping exercise in male college students. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 13, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.551551

Alzar-Teruel, M., Aibar-Almazán, A., Hita-Contreras, F., Carcelén-Fraile, M. D. C., Martínez-Amat, A., Jiménez-García, J. D., Fábrega-Cuadros, R., & Castellote-Caballero, Y. (2022). High-intensity interval training among middle-aged and older adults for body composition and muscle strength: A systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.992706

Balachandran, A.T., Wang, Y., Szabo, F., Watts-Battey, C., Schoenfeld, B. J., Zenko, Z., & Quiles, N. (2023). Comparison of traditional vs. lighter load strength training on fat-free mass, strength, power and affective responses in middle and older-aged adults: A pilot randomized trial. Experimental Gerontology, 178, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2023.112219

Barley, O. R., Chapman, D. W., Guppy, S. N., & Abbiss, C. R. (2019). Considerations When Assessing Endurance in Combat Sport Athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00205.

Bu X. (2022). Experimental Study on the Effect of Speed Strength Training on the Special Strikes of Chinese Female Boxers. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2022(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5912231

Castelli, F., Valero-Breton, M., Hernandez, M., Guarda, F., Cornejo, J., Cabello-Verrugio, C., & Cabrera, D. (2023). Regulatory Mechanisms of Muscle Mass: The Critical Role of Resistance Training in Children and Adolescent. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1410, 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2022_743

Cha, J. Y., & Jee, Y. S. (2018). Wushu Nanquan training is effective in preventing obesity and improving heart function in youth. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 14(3), 466–472. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836238.119

Cid-Calfucura, I., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Franchini, E., Falco, C., Alvial-Moscoso, J., Pardo-Tamayo, C., Zapata-Huenullán, C., Ojeda-Aravena, A., & Valdés-Badilla, P. (2023). Effects of Strength Training on Physical Fitness of Olympic Combat Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043516

Colorni, E., Ohayon, E., Côté, J. N., Obolski, U., & Halperin, I. (2023). Should I Rest or Should I Go Now? A Randomized Cross-Over Trial Comparing Fixed and Self-Selected Rest Durations in High-Intensity Interval Training Cycling Sessions. Sports Medicine - Open, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00601-8

Dong, K., Yu, T., & Chun, B. (2023). Effects of Core Training on Sport-Specific Performance of Athletes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 13(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020148

Egan, B., & Sharples, A. P. (2023). Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training. Physiological Reviews, 103(3), 2057–2170. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00054.2021

Fong, S. S. M., Chung, L. M. Y., Yam, T. T. T., Chung, J. W. Y., Bae, Y. H., Gao, Y., Chan, J. S. M., & Wang, H. K. (2023). Effects of Ving Tsun sticking-hand training on lower limb sensorimotor performance among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 24(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-023-07133-2

Furrer, R., Hawley, J. A., & Handschin, C. (2023). The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals. Physiological Reviews, 103(3), 1693–1787. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00017.2022

García Pallarés, J., López-Gullón, J. M., Torres-Bonete, M. D., & Izquierdo, M. (2012). Physical fitness factors to predict female Olympic wrestling performance and sex differences. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(3), 794–803. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824741e7

Gutiérrez-Arroyo, J., García-Heras, F., Carballo-Leyenda, B., Villa-Vicente, J. G., Rodríguez-Medina, J., & Rodríguez-Marroyo, J. A. (2023). Effect of a High-Intensity Circuit Training Program on the Physical Fitness of Wildland Firefighters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032073

Hargreaves M. (2021). Exercise and health: historical perspectives and new insights. Journal of Applied Physiology, 131(2), 575–588. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00242.2021

Harris, D. M., Kendall, K., Haff, G. G., & Latella, C. (2020). Absolute and Relative Strength, Power and Physiological Characteristics of Indian Junior National-Level Judokas. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 8(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8020014

Hawley, J. A., Burke, L. M., Phillips, S. M., & Spriet, L. L. (2011). Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations. Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(3), 834–845. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00949.2010

Hawley, J. A., Hargreaves, M., Joyner, M. J., & Zierath, J. R. (2014). Integrative biology of exercise. Cell, 159(4), 738–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.029

Herman, J. R., Rana, S. R., Chleboun, G. S., Gilders, R. M., Hageman, F. C., Hikida, R. S., Kushnick, M. R., Ragg, K. E., Staron, R. S., & Toma, K. (2010). Correlation Between Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area and Strength Gain Using Three Different Resistance-Training Programs In College-Aged Women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jsc.0000367128.04768.0a

Higgins, J. K., & Kleimbaun, A. P. (1985). Design Methodology for Randomized Clinical Trials; Family Health International: Arlington, VA, USA, pp. 24–25.

Jones, E. J., Bishop, P. A., Woods, A. K., & Green, J. M. (2008). Cross-sectional area and muscular strength: a brief review. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 38(12), 987–994. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838120-00003

Kruszewski A. (2023). From Ancient Patterns of Hand-to-Hand Combat to a Unique Therapy of the Future. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043553

Krzysztofik, M., Wilk, M., Wojdała, G., & Gołaś, A. (2019). Maximizing Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review of Advanced Resistance Training Techniques and Methods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244897

Laursen, P. B., & Jenkins, D. G. (2002). The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 32(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232010-00003

Lavin, K. M., Coen, P. M., Baptista, L. C., Bell, M. B., Drummer, D., Harper, S. A., Lixandrão, M. E., McAdam, J. S., O'Bryan, S. M., Ramos, S., Roberts, L. M., Vega, R. B., Goodpaster, B. H., Bamman, M. M., & Buford, T. W. (2022). State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Comprehensive Physiology, 12(2), 3193–3279. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c200033.

Lim, C., Nunes, E. A., Currier, B. S., McLeod, J. C., Thomas, A. C. Q., & Phillips, S. M. (2022). An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Resistance Exercise-Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(9), 1546–1559. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002929

Liu, J. Z., Brown, R. W., & Yue, G. H. (2002). A dynamical model of muscle activation, fatigue, and recovery. Biophysical Journal, 82(5), 2344–2359. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75580-X

Lievens, E., Klass, M., Bex, T., & Derave, W. (2020). Muscle fiber typology substantially influences time to recover from high-intensity exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 128(3), 648–659. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00636.2019

Lu, Y., Wiltshire, H. D., Baker, J. S., Wang, Q., & Ying, S. (2023). The effect of Tabata-style functional high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and physical activity in female university students. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1095315

Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Lopez-Lopez, J. P., Tole, M. C., & Cohen, D. D. (2023). Increasing muscular strength to improve cardiometabolic risk factors. Clinica e Investigacion en Arteriosclerosis, 35(3), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2022.12.002

Loturco, I., Nakamura, F. Y., Lopes-Silva, J. P., Silva-Santos, J. F., Pereira, L. A., & Franchini, E. (2016). Physical and physiological traits of a double world karate champion and responses to a simulated kumite bout: A case study. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 12(1), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954116684395

Marković, G., Misigoj-Duraković, M., & Trninić, S. (2005). Fitness profile of elite Croatian female taekwondo athletes. Collegium Antropologicum, 29(1), 93–99.

McAnulty, S., McAnulty, L., Collier, S., Souza-Junior, T. P., & McBride, J. (2016). Tai Chi and Kung-Fu practice maintains physical performance but not vascular health in young versus old participants. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 44(2), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2016.1158623

McGee, S. L., & Hargreaves, M. (2020). Exercise adaptations: molecular mechanisms and potential targets for therapeutic benefit. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 16(9), 495–505. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-0377-1

Megahed, M., Al-Torbany, M., Al-Ghool, M., & Tarek, Z. (2023). Effects of high-intensity interval training using “Tabata protocol” on respiratory parameters, special endurance, and 800-m runners’ performance. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 18(4), 842–857. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2023.184.09

Nelson, J. K., Yoon, S. H., & Nelson, K. R. (1991). A field test for upper body strength and endurance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62(4), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1991.10607546

Park, S. Y., Hwang, B. O., & Song, N. Y. (2023). The role of myokines in cancer: crosstalk between skeletal muscle and tumor. BMB reports, 5922. Advance online publication.

Pranoto, A., Ramadhan, R. N., Rejeki, P. S., Miftahussurur, M., Yosika, G. F., Nindya, T. S., Lestari, B., & Halim, S. (2024). The role of long-term combination training in reducing and maintaining of body fat in obese young adult women. Retos, 53, 139–146. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102460

Reggiani, C., & Schiaffino, S. (2020). Muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength: dependent or independent variables? A provocative review. European Journal of Translational Myology, 30(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2020.9311

Roschel, H., Batista, M., Monteiro, R., Bertuzzi, R. C., Barroso, R., Loturco, I., Ugrinowitsch, C., Tricoli, V., & Franchini, E. (2009). Association between neuromuscular tests and kumite performance on the brazilian karate national team. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8(CSSI3), 20–24.

Sadowski, J., Gierczuk, D., Miller, J., & Cieśliński, I. (2012). Success factors in elite WTF taekwondo competitors. Archives of Budo, 8(3), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.12659/aob.883279

Schäfer, J. A., Sutandy, F. X. R., & Münch, C. (2023). Omics-based approaches for the systematic profiling of mitochondrial biology. Molecular Cell, 83(6), 911–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.015

Schoenfeld, B. J., Grgic, J., Van Every, D. W., & Plotkin, D. L. (2021). Loading Recommendations for Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Local Endurance: A Re-Examination of the Repetition Continuum. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 9(2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9020032

Shang, E., Nguyen, T. T. T., Westhoff, M. A., Karpel-Massler, G., & Siegelin, M. D. (2023). Targeting cellular respiration as a therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma. Oncotarget, 14, 419–425. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28424

Smith, M. S., Dyson, R. J., Hale, T., & Janaway, L. (2000). Development of a boxing dynamometer and its punch force discrimination efficacy. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(6), 445–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050074377

Stecco, A., Giordani, F., Fede, C., Pirri, C., De Caro, R., & Stecco, C. (2023). From Muscle to the Myofascial Unit: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054527

Tabata I. (2019). Tabata training: one of the most energetically effective high-intensity intermittent training methods. The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 69(4), 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-019-00676-7

Tsolakis, C., & Vagenas, G. (2010). Anthropometric, Physiological and Performance Characteristics of Elite and Sub-elite Fencers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 23(1), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-010-0011-8

Vanegas, E., Salazar, Y., Igual, R., & Plaza, I. (2021). Force-Sensitive Mat for Vertical Jump Measurement to Assess Lower Limb Strength: Validity and Reliability Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.2196/27336

Wang, X., Lv, C., Qin, X., Ji, S., & Dong, D. (2023). Effectiveness of plyometric training vs. complex training on the explosive power of lower limbs: A Systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1061110

Wang, X., Soh, K. G., Deng, N., Zhang, D., Cao, S., & Samsudin, S. (2024). Effects of functional training on muscle strength, jumping, and functional movement screen in wushu athletes: A systematic review. Heliyon, 10(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24087

Young, W., Russell, A., Burge, P., Clarke, A., Cormack, S., & Stewart, G. (2008). The use of sprint tests for assessment of speed qualities of elite Australian rules footballers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 3(2), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.2.199

Zierath, J. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2004). Skeletal muscle fiber type: influence on contractile and metabolic properties. PLoS Biology, 2(10), 1523-1527. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020348

Downloads

Published

12-09-2026

How to Cite

Subagio, I., Raharjo, S., Azidin, R. M. F. R., Yunus, M., & Pelana, R. (2026). Tabata strength workout increases upper- and lower-body strength and speed in Wushu Taolu athletes. SPORT TK-EuroAmerican Journal of Sport Sciences, 15, 81. Retrieved from https://sportk.eu/article/view/228

Issue

Section

Articles