El efecto de los métodos basados en el juego sobre la condición física de los estudiantes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68574/sportk.396Palabras clave:
Métodos de Aprendizaje, Juegos, Condición Física, EstudiantesResumen
La condición física es un aspecto importante de la salud de los estudiantes y de su capacidad para participar en actividades físicas. Puede desarrollarse mediante la práctica regular de actividad física, incluidas las actividades basadas en el juego. El método basado en el juego se considera un enfoque eficaz y agradable para mejorar la condición física, ya que implica actividad física dinámica, interacción social y motivación intrínseca. Este estudio experimental se llevó a cabo durante 16 sesiones, en las que los participantes recibieron una intervención basada en juegos. El estudio incluyó a 36 estudiantes varones de entre 13 y 15 años, seleccionados mediante una técnica de muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se utilizó como instrumento de evaluación la Prueba de Condición Física de Indonesia (Tes Kebugaran Jasmani Indonesia [TKJI]). Los resultados mostraron que el valor t calculado (9,375) fue superior al valor t crítico (1,691), lo que indica una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones de condición física del pretest y del postest. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las actividades basadas en el juego pueden constituir una estrategia útil y agradable para mejorar la condición física de los estudiantes. Al integrar elementos físicos, cognitivos y sociales, las actividades basadas en el juego pueden contribuir al desarrollo de componentes de la condición física, como la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza muscular y la agilidad.
Descargas
Citas
1. Abdullah, M. R. (2023). The Importance of Sports for Public Health. International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports, 1(4), 25–28. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijhms.v1i4.20
2. Arefieva, L., & Pliushchakova, О. (2023). Increase of movement activity on the physical fitness of students in basketball classes. Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and Pedagogical Problems of Physical Culture (Physical Culture and Sports), 3(162), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.31392/NPU-nc.series15.2023.3K(162).05
3. Arsil, & Despita, A. (2024). Tes Pengukuran dan Evaluasi Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga. Wineka Media.
4. Astuti, Y., Erianti, E., Amsari, D., & Novita Sari, D. (2023). The Effect of Sports Modifications and Mini Games to improve students’ physical fitness in the Adaptive Physical Education Course. Retos, 51, 519–525. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99975
5. Ávalos-Ramos, M. A., Vidaci, A., Pascual-Galiano, M. T., & Vega-Ramírez, L. (2024). Factors Influencing Physical Activity and Sports Practice among Young People by Gender: Challenges and Barriers. Education Sciences, 14(9), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090967
6. Cocca, A., Espino Verdugo, F., Ródenas Cuenca, L. T., & Cocca, M. (2020). Effect of a Game-Based Physical Education Program on Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Elementary School Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134883
7. Dewangga, D., & Maliki, O. (2024). Developing a traditional game-based physical education learning model to improve students’ physical fitness: content validity. Retos, 62, 787–796. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.110401
8. Dewi, T. O., Al Ardha, M. A., Hamdani, H., & Rohman, M. F. (2024). Physical fitness analysis of junior high school students by using Indonesian Student Physical Fitness Test (TKPN). International Journal of Educational Development, 1(4), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijed.v1i4.84
9. Doe-Asinyo, R. X., & Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M. (2021). Ecological validity of the PERF-FIT: correlates of active play, motor performance and motor skill-related physical fitness. Heliyon, 7(8), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07901
10. Gómez-Álvarez, N., Boppre, G., Hermosilla-Palma, F., Reyes-Amigo, T., Oliveira, J., & Fonseca, H. (2024). Effects of Small-Sided Soccer Games on Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health Biomarkers in Untrained Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(17), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175221
11. Iswanto, A., Siswantoyo, S., Nurcahyo, F., Arga, M. W., & Susanto, S. (2024). The effect of traditional sports on improving the physical fitness of elementary school students. Fizjoterapia Polska, 24(1), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF80Yj
12. Jastrzębski, Z., Wakuluk-Lewandowska, D., Arslan, E., Kilit, B., Soylu, Y., & Radzimiński, Ł. (2024). Effects of Eight-Week Game-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Performed on Different Pitch Dimensions on the Level of Physical Capacity and Time-Motion Responses in Youth Soccer Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 97, 157–168. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/190842
13. Karina Nur Safitri, Salma Irdhillah, Mila Deskia, Moch Fitran Naufaldy, Restu Rahayu, Nazwa Kusumawicitra, Selvi Triwanvi, Agus Mulyana, & Agus Mulyana. (2024). Pembelajaran Penjasorkes Di Sekolah Dasar: Manfaat Olahraga Untuk Kesehatan Tubuh. Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.58192/sidu.v3i2.2108
14. Kurnaz, M., Flôres, F., Altınkök, M., Esen, H. T., & Silva, A. F. (2024). A 10-week play-based after-school program to improve coordinative abilities and physical fitness capabilities among adolescents: a randomized trial. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61275-0
15. Ladwig, M. A., Sciamanna, C. N., Rovniak, L. S., Conroy, D. E., Gottschall, J. S., Silvis, M. L., Smyth, J. M., Wang, M., & Auer, B. J. (2021). Comparative effectiveness of an adult social physical play versus traditional group exercise program for adherence and fitness: Protocol for a randomized-controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 21, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100736
16. Mardepi, S., Arsil, Ardo, O., Mottakin, A., Alonzo L, M., & Singha, T. (2024). Differences in the Effect of aerobic sports and exercise motivation on students’ physical fitness. Retos, 2041, 374–380.
17. Nugraha, U., Ilham, I., & Ali, M. (2024). Improved Fitness and VO2Max: Implementation of Traditional “Massallo” Games. Retos, 56, 699–706. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104868
18. Olejua, P., McLain, A. C., Inak, N., Dowda, M., & Pate, R. R. (2025). Clustering Patterns of 24-Hour Physical Activity in Children 6–36 Months Old. Pediatric Exercise Science, 37(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2023-0055
19. Ovsyannikova, I. N., Tomilin, K. G., Tumasyan, Y. A., Vasilkovskaya, Y. A., & Malygina, L. V. (2021). Game method to increase students’ motivation to engage in elective disciplines in physical culture and sports. Physical Education of Students, 25(3), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0308
20. Petrušič, T., Trajković, N., & Bogataj, Š. (2022). Twelve-Week Game-Based School Intervention Improves Physical Fitness in 12–14-Year-Old Girls. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.831424
21. Putro, A. A., Suherman, A., & Sultoni, K. (2018). Aplikasi Program Kebugaran Daya Tahan Kardiovakular Berbasis Android. Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Keolahragaan, 3(1), 1–11.
22. Qiu, Y., Fernández-García, B., Lehmann, H. I., Li, G., Kroemer, G., López-Otín, C., & Xiao, J. (2023). Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12(1), 8–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003
23. Raimondi, T., Lawrence, H., & O’Reilly, N. (2021). The Prescription for Wellness Is Fun! Sports Innovation Journal, 2, 73–90. https://doi.org/10.18060/25160
24. Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2019). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (6th ed.). Human Kinetics.
25. Sepriadi, S., & Eldawaty, E. (2019). The Contribution of Hemoglobin Levels to Students’ Physical Fitness. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreations, 8(2), 82–90. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v8i2.30237
26. Sepriadi, Syafruddin, Khairuddin, Ihsan, N., Eldawaty, Zulbahri, Juniar, S. R., & Pratiwi, M. D. (2023). Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Mental Health on Physical Education Learning Outcomes. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 29(1), 137–146.
27. Silva, A., Ferraz, R., Branquinho, L., Dias, T., Teixeira, J. E., & Marinho, D. A. (2023). Effects of applying a multivariate training program on physical fitness and tactical performance in a team sport taught during physical education classes. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1291342
28. Suresh, D. R., & K, A. (2024). A Youngsters Attitude Towards Physical Activity and Fitness. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 5(12), 5327–5331. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.1224.0223
29. Valentini, M., Teloni, L., & Prokopiak, A. (2023). Play and dance therapy: a review of theories, techniques and didactic methodologies for the motor recovery of children with disabilities. F1000Research, 12, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.133918.1
30. Volk, C., Rosenstiel, S., Demetriou, Y., Krustrup, P., Thiel, A., Trautwein, U., Wagner, W., Höner, O., & Sudeck, G. (2021). Effects of a physical education intervention programme for ninth-graders on physical activity-related health competence: Findings from the GEKOS cluster randomised controlled trial. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 55, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101923
31. Wako, M., Fujimaki, T., Ichikawa, J., Koyama, K., Shinohara, R., Otawa, S., Kobayashi, A., Horiuchi, S., Kushima, M., Yamagata, Z., & Haro, H. (2025). Effects of outdoor play on body composition and physical performance in children: the Yamanashi Adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. PLOS ONE, 20(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317925
32. Yan, J., Jones, B., Smith, J. J., Morgan, P., & Eather, N. (2023). A Systematic Review Investigating the Effects of Implementing Game-Based Approaches in School-Based Physical Education Among Primary School Children. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 42(3), 573–586. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0279
33. Zulnadila, Z. (2025). Traditional games for physical fitness in primary school students: A systematic review in Indonesia. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 3(1), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v3i2.89690
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Reffie Camelisa, Bafirman, Syahrastani, Anton Komaini, Syahrial Bakhtiar, Eri Barlian, Sepriadi, Monica Dara Pratiwi

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Copyright © by the authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.





























