Los efectos del entrenamiento en circuito basado en cargas externas sobre el rendimiento de resistencia en corredores de larga distancia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68574/sportk.374Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento en Circuito, Carga Externa, Resistencia Muscular, Carrera de Larga Distancia, RendimientoResumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el efecto del entrenamiento en circuito basado en cargas externas sobre el rendimiento de la resistencia muscular en corredores de larga distancia de la Asociación de Atletismo de Indonesia (PASI) de Balikpapan. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental de un solo grupo con pretest y postest. La muestra estuvo compuesta por siete atletas masculinos sénior, de entre 21 y 28 años, que competían en las pruebas de 5000 y 10 000 metros. La intervención de entrenamiento tuvo una duración de ocho meses y comprendió 66 sesiones, realizadas 2–3 veces por semana. Los atletas realizaron ejercicios de resistencia en circuito utilizando cargas equivalentes al 40–60 % de una repetición máxima (1RM), con 6–9 series, 8–12 repeticiones y 15–30 segundos de descanso entre estaciones. Los resultados mostraron una mejora estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,002) entre las puntuaciones previas y posteriores al entrenamiento. El rendimiento medio aumentó un 18 % y la puntuación N-Gain fue de 0,42, lo que corresponde a una efectividad moderada. Las mayores mejoras se observaron en la resistencia de fuerza de los miembros inferiores (prueba de sentadilla). Aunque no se recopilaron datos directos sobre el rendimiento en competición, las pruebas funcionales utilizadas reflejan las demandas fisiológicas de las carreras de larga distancia, particularmente en las pruebas de 5000 y 10 000 m. En conclusión, el entrenamiento en circuito con cargas externas moderadas tuvo un efecto positivo en la mejora de la resistencia muscular de los corredores de larga distancia. Los estudios futuros deberían adoptar diseños controlados y aleatorizados con muestras de atletas más amplias y diversas para validar estos hallazgos.
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